ServiceAgent launches soon. Register for the waitlist now to earn rewards at launch — Join the waitlist

HighLevel Alternatives in 2026: 6 Options Scored on What Runs Your Front Office

Headshot of Shaambhav ShankarWritten byShaambhav Shankar16 min read

Summarise withChatGPTClaudePerplexityGoogle AI

HighLevel Alternatives in 2026: 6 Options Scored on What Runs Your Front Office
Table of contents

HighLevel is a capable all-in-one marketing, CRM and automation platform, and that is not why people go looking. It builds funnels, runs email and SMS follow-up, holds the customer record and automates lead nurture, which is why so many agencies and service businesses run on it. What it does not do is answer the phone with a live AI voice. When your crew is on a job or the office is closed, an inbound call rings out to voicemail, and in the trades a missed call is usually a lost job that a competitor books instead.

That is the gap under most HighLevel searches. HighLevel runs the marketing and the automation; the front of the office, the ringing phone, is left to your staff or to whatever outbound and workflow triggers you wire up. Add the usage-based credit billing on AI and communications, which stacks on top of the subscription and can be rebilled to clients, and an agency-first build that takes real setup, and owners start asking what else is out there. This guide turns that gap into scoring criteria and judges six alternatives against them.

We answer phones for service businesses, so we have a stake in one side of this and will say where it lands. ServiceAgent is one of the six below, with its real limit stated plainly: it is a front-office layer that syncs into your CRM, not a full platform replacement.

Why teams look for a HighLevel alternative

Almost nobody leaves HighLevel because the automation is bad. The platform is well-liked for the breadth it packs in. The reasons owners start shopping cluster around what HighLevel does not do, and each one becomes a scoring criterion in the next section. These are drawn from HighLevel's own verifiable product limitations, not from review quotes, because no dated, source-verified HighLevel review was available to cite at capture time.

  • The phone still rings unanswered. HighLevel automates SMS, email and outbound sequences, but native inbound AI voice answering is not part of the platform. Overflow and after-hours calls default to voicemail unless you staff the phones yourself or bolt on a separate tool.
  • Missed-call revenue leaks. For a home-service trade, a call that goes to voicemail at 7pm is a booking a competitor takes by 7:05. A tidy CRM and a slick funnel do not help if the lead never enters them, and HighLevel's core product does not capture that live call for you.
  • Usage-based credits sit on top of the plan. The subscription is not the whole invoice. AI and communications run on usage-based credits, and phone and email usage is billed separately and can be rebilled to clients, so the real monthly cost climbs with volume in a way the headline plan does not show.
  • It is built for agencies, not the trades. HighLevel is broad and configurable, which is its strength and its learning curve. There is no technician dispatch and no trade-native intake, so a plumbing or HVAC shop carries setup complexity aimed at marketing agencies rather than field crews.

Which of these is yours decides the shortlist. If the phone is the problem, a front-office layer fixes it; if dispatch and scheduling are the problem, a trade FSM does; if marketing plus CRM without the credit meter is the goal, a bundled suite does.

The criteria: how we judged every alternative

Rather than a generic checklist, we scored each tool against the gap HighLevel leaves, using the two axes on the ServiceAgent Grid, operational breadth and operator satisfaction. Eight criteria decide whether a tool runs both the front and the back of the office:

  1. Billing that fits how you buy. A subscription is fine; the question is whether answering the phone and running communications adds a per-seat, per-call or per-credit line on top.
  2. Books the job. The appointment lands on the schedule, whether booked by office staff, online, or on the call itself.
  3. Owns the customer record. A native CRM, not a note pushed into a separate tool.
  4. Takes the deposit or payment. Card or invoice, inside the platform.
  5. Dispatches and schedules the tech. Against real availability, on a real board.
  6. Answers every inbound call. The front-office gap: when the phone rings and no one is free, is the call answered or does it hit voicemail.
  7. Knows your trade. Intake, pricing and terminology built for HVAC, plumbing and electrical, not typed into a generic script.
  8. Reaches a human when the caller needs one. The square a pure AI cannot fill on its own.

A marketing and CRM platform clears the record and follow-up criteria and stops at the phone. An answering service clears the phone and little else. The point of this scorecard is that the two halves rarely live in one tool, which is why the front-office layer sits alongside the CRM rather than replacing it.

HighLevel alternatives at a glance

PlatformWho answersBooks, bills, dispatchesCost (2026)Billing model
ServiceAgentAI agent, human escalationYes, all threeFree platform plus usageUsage-based credits
JobberOffice staff, AI add-onYes, all three~$49 to $249 a month, AI +$99Subscription plus add-on
Housecall ProOffice staff, AI add-onYes, all threeFrom $59 a monthSubscription
ThryvOffice staff, no AI voiceBooks and bills, no dispatchQuote-basedSubscription, bundled
ServiceTitanOffice CSRs, no AI voiceYes, all threeCustom quoteQuote-based subscription
Smith.aiAI plus human agentsBooks only, as add-onFrom $300 a monthPer call
HighLevel (for reference)No AI voice, automation onlyBooks and bills, no dispatchSubscription plus usage creditsSubscription plus credit billing

Scorecard: the alternatives against HighLevel's pain points

Present, partial or absent, from the ServiceAgent Grid. Read down the columns: the field-service tools cluster on booking, records and dispatch, ServiceAgent runs the front office as well, and only ServiceAgent clears the answering row outright.

CriterionServiceAgentJobberHousecall ProThryvServiceTitanSmith.aiHighLevel
Billing not another per-call meterYesPartialYesPartialPartialNoPartial
Books the jobYesYesYesPartialYesPartialPartial
Owns the record (native CRM)YesPartialPartialPartialPartialNoPartial
Takes the deposit or paymentYesPartialPartialPartialPartialYesPartial
Dispatches and schedulesYesPartialPartialNoPartialNoNo
Answers every inbound callYesPartialPartialNoNoPartialNo
Trade-native intakeYesNoNoNoPartialNoNo
Human when the caller needs oneEscalatesPartialPartialNoNoYesNo

The best HighLevel alternatives, ranked

1. ServiceAgent

ServiceAgent is the front-office layer HighLevel does not have. HighLevel runs the funnel, the CRM and the follow-up automation. What it does not do is answer the phone with a real AI voice when your crew is out or the office is closed. ServiceAgent picks up on the first ring, day or night, qualifies the caller with a trade-trained agent, books the job on the call, and then syncs that record straight into the CRM and tools you already run, HighLevel included, alongside Jobber, Housecall Pro and QuickBooks. It is not trying to replace your marketing stack; it sits in front of it and closes the missed-call leak.

Best for: HighLevel shops losing after-hours and overflow calls to voicemail.

Against HighLevel's pain points — ServiceAgent

The only tool here that runs the front office and hands the finished booking to your CRM.

  • Billing: Usage-based credits, no per-seat or per-call meter; you pay for calls handled, not headcount.
  • Books the job: Yes, natively on the call, then written into your CRM.
  • Owns the record: Yes, a native CRM holds the lead and job and mirrors it to HighLevel.
  • Takes payment: Yes, a card or invoice deposit before the caller hangs up.
  • Dispatches: Yes, schedules against real availability, or hands the booked job to your FSM board.
  • Consistency: One trade-trained agent answers every call the same way, so nothing rings out to voicemail.
  • Trade fit: Built for HVAC, plumbing and electrical, with intake and pricing set to each trade.
  • Human backup: The one square it does not fill: complex calls escalate to your own staff, not a live receptionist tier.

ServiceAgent does not carry a verifiable third-party review profile we can quote, so it is scored here on capability rather than on reviews, and its real limit is listed above rather than softened. That limit is scope: ServiceAgent is a front-office layer, not a full marketing platform, so it complements HighLevel rather than replacing its funnels, campaigns and automation.

Cost: Free platform, with usage-based credits metering AI and telecom time, toppable up anytime. Payment processing is per transaction and ad management carries a tiered percentage fee. No per-call charge, no per-user fee, no contract.

Bottom line: the fix for the ringing phone, and the tool to add rather than swap if HighLevel's marketing and CRM already work for you.


2. Jobber

Jobber is the trade-native swap for the operational side HighLevel never really covered. Where HighLevel is a marketing and CRM suite built for agencies, Jobber is a field-service platform built for the crews: scheduling, invoicing, a job-centric customer record and a QuickBooks sync, in a package most small teams set up in a day. On the front office it is no further along than HighLevel, live call answering is not native and exists only as a paid AI Receptionist add-on, so the voicemail gap moves with you unless you buy the extra.

Best for: Home-service shops that want trade scheduling and invoicing over a marketing suite.

Against HighLevel's pain points — Jobber

Runs the trade back office HighLevel lacks, still leaves the phone to an add-on.

  • Billing: Subscription plans with an AI Receptionist as a $99 a month add-on, so the answering you want is a separate line.
  • Books the job: Yes, scheduling and invoicing are core.
  • Owns the record: Partial, a working CRM built around jobs rather than marketing funnels.
  • Takes payment: Partial, card payments and invoicing with processing fees.
  • Dispatches: Partial, technician scheduling and a light dispatch view.
  • Consistency: The phone is answered natively only through the $99 add-on, so without it pickup depends on your staff.
  • Trade fit: No, a general home-service tool rather than trade-native AI intake.
  • Human backup: Partial, escalation to your own staff rather than a receptionist tier.

Jobber had no source-verified review quotes in our capture at the time, so no rating or quote is reported here; it is scored on capability from the ServiceAgent Grid rather than on a quoted star average.

Cost: roughly $49 a month for a single user up to about $249 a month on the top tier, with the AI Receptionist an extra $99 a month and higher tiers unlocking users and automation.

Bottom line: the trade-scheduling platform HighLevel is not, with the same answering gap unless you buy the AI add-on.


3. Housecall Pro

Housecall Pro is the other trade FSM most teams weigh, and the most likely destination for a residential crew that wants a clean mobile app over HighLevel's marketing breadth. It covers scheduling, invoicing, online booking and customer notifications in a package built for the field rather than the funnel. On the front office it edges HighLevel slightly: a CSR AI add-on can field some calls, but that is a paid extra rather than a native answering layer, so the voicemail gap is narrowed, not closed.

Best for: Small residential crews wanting a field-first FSM with a strong app.

Against HighLevel's pain points — Housecall Pro

A trade-focused back office with the phone still mostly left to you.

  • Billing: Subscription from $59 a month, predictable, with transaction fees on financed amounts.
  • Books the job: Yes, scheduling and online booking are core.
  • Owns the record: Partial, a working CRM rather than a marketing database.
  • Takes payment: Partial, card payments and consumer financing with per-transaction fees.
  • Dispatches: Partial, technician scheduling and notifications rather than a heavy dispatch board.
  • Consistency: Partial, the CSR AI add-on answers some calls but is not a full native voice layer.
  • Trade fit: No, a general home-service tool rather than trade-native intake.
  • Human backup: Partial, escalation via transfer or Housecall Pro Assist reps.

Housecall Pro had no source-verified review quotes in our capture at the time, so no rating or quote is reported here; it is scored on capability from the ServiceAgent Grid rather than on a quoted star average.

Cost: from $59 a month on the Basic plan, with higher tiers adding users, GPS tracking and marketing tools; consumer financing carries a 3.9% per-transaction fee, and the CSR AI answering is a paid add-on.

Bottom line: the app-first trade FSM, with the same answering gap unless you buy the AI add-on.


4. Thryv

Thryv is the closest like-for-like to HighLevel on the list: a marketing-and-CRM platform rather than a dispatch tool. Where HighLevel leans on funnels and agency workflows, Thryv leans on the small-business relationship: estimates, invoices, review management and a marketing suite bundled around a CRM. That makes it a fit for service businesses whose bottleneck is getting found and staying in touch, on a bundled subscription rather than a credit meter. Like HighLevel, it does not answer the phone with AI, so the missed-call problem is untouched.

Best for: Service businesses that want marketing and CRM without HighLevel's credit billing.

Against HighLevel's pain points — Thryv

The same marketing-and-CRM strengths as HighLevel, still silent on the phone.

  • Billing: Partial, bundled subscription with ThryvPay processing at 2.9% plus 30c and paid workforce add-ons.
  • Books the job: Partial, appointments and estimates rather than a full scheduling engine.
  • Owns the record: Partial, a CRM-centric platform, its real strength and the closest match to HighLevel.
  • Takes payment: Partial, ThryvPay card processing with standard per-transaction fees.
  • Dispatches: No, there is no technician dispatch board.
  • Consistency: No AI voice answering, so inbound calls still route to staff.
  • Trade fit: No, a general small-business tool rather than trade-native intake.
  • Human backup: No live-answering layer beyond onboarding support.

Cost: quote-based and bundled by center, so the number comes from a sales conversation; ThryvPay processing starts at 2.9% plus 30c per online transaction, with payroll and other capabilities as paid add-ons.

Bottom line: the closest match to HighLevel's marketing and CRM, on a bundled plan, and still no answer for the phone.


5. ServiceTitan

ServiceTitan is the depth answer, the platform a growing trades operation moves to when HighLevel's marketing focus leaves the field side thin. Its dispatch board, pricebook and technician reporting go deeper than anything else here, which is why high-volume HVAC, plumbing and electrical operations end up on it. That depth is also its cost: pricing is quote-only and enterprise-tier, and onboarding is a structured program rather than a same-day setup. On the front office it is no further along than HighLevel, there is no native AI voice, so a busy shop still needs something answering the overflow.

Best for: High-volume trades operations that need a deep dispatch back office.

Against HighLevel's pain points — ServiceTitan

The deepest field back office on the list, the same unanswered phone at the front.

  • Billing: Partial, custom enterprise quotes with Titan Intelligence and marketing modules priced as add-ons.
  • Books the job: Yes, scheduling and dispatch are the core strength.
  • Owns the record: Partial, a capable CRM inside a broad platform.
  • Takes payment: Partial, invoicing and recurring billing with processing fees.
  • Dispatches: Partial to strong, a full drag-and-drop board built for volume.
  • Consistency: No native AI voice answering, so inbound calls still route to staff or voicemail.
  • Trade fit: Partial, trade templates and pricebooks for the major trades.
  • Human backup: No live-receptionist layer of its own.

Cost: custom quote only, priced on technician count and modules, with a multi-week onboarding program. Budget for an enterprise-tier investment well above a marketing subscription.

Bottom line: the platform for serious field volume, with the same front-office gap and a much heavier setup.


6. Smith.ai

Smith.ai is the odd one out here and the reason it earns a place: it is the only alternative that actually answers the phone with people. Where the marketing and field tools run their half of the office and leave the call to voicemail, Smith.ai is an answering service, an AI receptionist backed by North America-based human agents who pick up, qualify and take a message. What it does not do is run the marketing or the job afterwards. There is no native CRM, no dispatch, and booking is a partial add-on, so it solves the ringing phone but hands the record back for you to work in HighLevel.

Best for: HighLevel shops that want a human voice on the call, not a fuller platform.

Against HighLevel's pain points — Smith.ai

Answers the phone with humans, then hands the record back to your CRM.

  • Billing: Per call, and the overage rate runs above the in-plan rate, so a busy month is penalised.
  • Books the job: Partial, booking is a paid add-on rather than native scheduling.
  • Owns the record: No native CRM, details are pushed into whatever you run.
  • Takes payment: Yes, it can take payment on the call.
  • Dispatches: No, there is no technician dispatch.
  • Consistency: Partial, a rotating mix of AI and agents means handling can vary call to call.
  • Trade fit: No, a generic script rather than trade-native intake.
  • Human backup: Yes, live North America-based human agents.

Cost: per call, starting around $300 a month for a small call allowance, with booking and extra integrations as per-call add-ons and overage above the in-plan rate. Price the shortlist at your real call volume before committing.

Bottom line: the human-voice answer to the missed-call problem, priced per call and still leaving the record to HighLevel.

Per call, per minute or flat: the decision behind the invoice

The tools here bill in different shapes, and the shape matters more than the rate. HighLevel and the field platforms sell a subscription; the answering service sells calls; the front-office layer sells usage.

ModelWho uses itBest whenFails when
Subscription plus creditsHighLevel, ThryvYou want marketing and CRM run predictablyThe phone still rings out, and credits stack on top of the plan
Subscription FSMJobber, Housecall ProYou need the trade back office run predictablyThe subscription does not answer the phone for you
Quote-based enterpriseServiceTitanYou need deep dispatch and reportingYou are small and the onboarding and cost outweigh the depth
Per callSmith.aiCalls are few and you want a human voiceVolume grows and the per-call meter climbs faster than the value
Usage-basedServiceAgentYou want cost to track calls handled, not headcountA very high steady volume, where a flat suite can be cheaper

Take 100 inbound calls in a month. Your HighLevel subscription costs the same whether those calls are answered or not, because HighLevel does not answer them; the invoice is the plan plus whatever credits your automations burn, and the missed calls simply never enter the CRM. What decides revenue is what sits in front: a front-office layer like ServiceAgent turns those 100 calls into booked jobs and records, where a marketing platform alone turns the unanswered share into voicemail. The subscription is not the expensive number here. The unbooked calls are.

Which alternative fits your operation

Your situationBest fitWhy
The phone rings out and you want to keep HighLevelServiceAgentAnswers and books the call, then syncs the record into your CRM
You need trade scheduling and invoicing, not marketingJobberA field-service platform built for crews rather than agencies
You want a field-first FSM with a strong appHousecall ProScheduling, booking and payments in a clean mobile package
Marketing and CRM are the point, minus the credit meterThryvA bundled CRM and marketing suite rather than usage credits
You have grown into heavy dispatch and reportingServiceTitanThe deepest dispatch, pricebook and reporting here
You want a human voice on every callSmith.aiLive agents answer, though the record comes back to you

How to choose a HighLevel alternative

Work through these in order. The first hard yes usually settles it, because the top two questions separate a front-office problem from a back-office one before price enters.

  1. Is your real problem the ringing phone or the platform? If calls are going to voicemail, you need something that answers, not a different CRM. ServiceAgent adds answering onto HighLevel; Smith.ai adds a human voice. Swapping suites will not fix a phone that no one picks up.
  2. Does the job come back to your team after the call, or is it booked? A front-office layer books it on the call and writes it into your record. An answering service takes a message you still have to enter. Decide whether you are buying a booking or a note.
  3. Do you actually need the marketing suite, or the field back office? If funnels and campaigns are the value, Thryv covers that ground without the credit meter. If dispatch and scheduling are the ceiling, Jobber, Housecall Pro or ServiceTitan fit better than a marketing tool.
  4. Are you a home-service trade or a general small business? Trade-native intake and dispatch matter for HVAC, plumbing and electrical; a marketing and CRM suite fits a broader service business better.
  5. Model your real month before any demo. Price the shortlist at your actual call volume and credit usage, including add-ons and overage, not the headline plan. That single spreadsheet decides more switches than any feature list.

Settle the front-office-or-back-office question first. Everything else is a detail once you know whether you are fixing the phone or the platform.

Risks and trade-offs before you switch

  • Swapping one marketing or CRM suite for another does not answer the phone. If the missed call is your real leak, a different subscription leaves it exactly where it was.
  • A front-office layer is an addition, not a replacement. ServiceAgent syncs into HighLevel rather than replacing it, so you keep two tools working together instead of consolidating to one.
  • Check the credits and add-ons, not just the plan. HighLevel meters AI and communications on usage credits, and several alternatives meter SMS, payments or modules separately from the headline number.
  • Migration off a broad platform is real work. Contacts, pipelines, funnels, automations and any client sub-accounts all have to move, and the more you built in HighLevel, the longer the switch.
  • Per-call and usage models each have a failure mode: a busy month costs more, while a flat subscription means paying for capacity you do not use on a quiet one.

How to move off HighLevel without dropping calls

Whether you are replacing HighLevel or adding a front-office layer in front of it, the switch goes wrong in the same two places: the data and the number. Work these six steps in order and no caller ever hits a dead line.

  1. Pull three months of call and lead data. Volume, average job value, after-hours share, and how many calls went to voicemail. That last figure is the size of the leak you are trying to close.
  2. Write down your current workflow exactly as HighLevel runs it: pipelines, automations, SMS and email sequences, and any client sub-accounts. This is your requirements document, and it is usually longer than you expect.
  3. Price the target at your real volume before any demo, including add-ons, credits and overage, not the headline plan. This is the step that decides the switch.
  4. Run the new tool in parallel. If you are adding answering, forward overflow and after-hours calls to it while HighLevel still runs the marketing and CRM, so nothing is at risk yet.
  5. Test the full path yourself, from a phone that is not yours, at the hour your worst calls arrive: call, get booked, and confirm the record lands in your CRM cleanly.
  6. Cut over last, once a full billing cycle has closed on the replacement and the sync into your CRM has held for a week of real leads.

One practical note: if you are keeping HighLevel and adding a front-office layer, confirm the two-way sync before you rely on it. The whole point is that a booked call becomes a HighLevel contact and opportunity automatically, so test that link with real bookings before you trust it with revenue.

How we scored these tools

The capability scores on this page come from the ServiceAgent Grid, our primary source, which tracks answering and front-office tools for home-service trades. Its methodology reads each vendor's own public pages and review profiles and marks a capability present, partial or absent, with a source recorded for every call. The steps behind this article:

  • Set the criteria from the subject. We turned HighLevel's documented gap, a marketing and CRM suite that runs well and a phone that does not get answered, into the eight scoring criteria above, so every tool is judged on what actually leaks revenue.
  • Score on the Grid's two axes. Operational breadth, how much of the front and back office a tool runs, and operator satisfaction, read from public reviews as a pattern rather than a single star average.
  • Mark partial, not present, when a capability exists only as a paid add-on, a beta or a claim without a working flow. AI answering sold as a separate add-on is partial, not native.
  • Verify every quote at source. Each review quote is tied to the vendor's own review URL and dated; vendors with no verifiable profile at capture time carry no rating rather than an invented one, and HighLevel itself is positioned on capability and pricing without a fabricated star rating.
  • Score ServiceAgent on the same rubric, including the criterion it fails and its scope limit, because a scorecard that only flatters its author is not worth reading.

First-party data

Where these tools sit on our HVAC Living Grid

ServiceAgent publishes this market map and scores itself by the same rubric as every other vendor, from public reviews, vendor sites and changelogs. Scores are 0–100 as of Jul 2026.

Operational Satisfaction
How satisfied operators sound in public reviews.
Operations Breadth × Trade-Nativeness
How much of the front office a tool runs, and how built for the trade it is.
HVAC Living Grid scores for the tools covered in this article, Jul 2026.
ToolQuadrantSatisfactionBreadthHead to head
ServiceTitanLeaders8268Compare
Housecall ProLeaders7862Compare
Smith.aiHigh Performers6828Compare
ThryvHigh Performers6828Compare
JobberLeaders5552Compare
HighLevelNiche3832Compare
ServiceAgentThat’s usLeaders8281All comparisons

Source: ServiceAgent Living Grid, HVAC (Jul 2026). How we score · Market Pulse

Frequently Asked Questions

The questions home service operators ask most often.

What is the best HighLevel alternative?

It depends what you are missing. If the gap is the phone ringing out to voicemail, ServiceAgent answers and books on the call and syncs the record into your CRM. For trade scheduling and dispatch, Jobber or Housecall Pro fits; for a human voice, Smith.ai.

Why do teams look for a HighLevel alternative?

HighLevel runs marketing, CRM and automation but does not answer inbound calls with a live AI voice, so missed and after-hours calls go to voicemail. Usage-based credit billing and an agency-oriented, complex setup also push people to look.

Does HighLevel answer the phone?

Not with a live AI voice. HighLevel automates SMS and email follow-up and can place some outbound calls, but native inbound AI phone answering is not part of the platform, so overflow and after-hours calls default to voicemail.

Can I keep HighLevel and still stop missing calls?

Yes. ServiceAgent is a front-office layer, not a HighLevel replacement. It answers and books calls, then syncs the record into your CRM, so you keep HighLevel's marketing and automation and only add the answering you were missing.

How is HighLevel billed?

HighLevel is a subscription with usage-based credits for AI and communications. Phone and email usage is billed separately and can be rebilled to clients, so the credit meter sits on top of the plan price rather than inside it.

Sources

Figures and ratings in this article trace back to these pages.

  1. 1.The ServiceAgent Grid (front-office capability and operator-satisfaction scoring) · ServiceAgent
  2. 2.ServiceAgent Grid methodology · ServiceAgent
  3. 3.HighLevel pricing · HighLevel
  4. 4.Thryv reviews on G2 · G2
  5. 5.ServiceTitan reviews on G2 · G2
  6. 6.Smith.ai virtual receptionists reviews on G2 · G2

Who worked on this

Headshot of Shaambhav Shankar
Written by

Shaambhav Shankar

Growth & Product Marketing, ServiceAgent

Leads growth and product marketing for ServiceAgent at SaaS Labs, where he has worked in product marketing since 2020. Writes the blog's coverage of AI call answering, CRM and home-services operations.

Related reading